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Random Entry - Stanford Encyclopedia of PhilosophyChinese Philosophy and Chinese Medicine [April 28, 2015] Natural Philosophy in .By contributing an entry or entries to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy .the stanford encyclopedia of philosophySupport Sep - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy1. Psychological Egoism. All forms of egoism require explication of “self .feminist philosophy of — see feminist philosophy, interventions: philosophy of religion and morality (John Hare) natural — see theology, natural and natural religionThe Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (SEP) is a freely available online philosophy resource published and maintained by Stanford University, encompassing both an online encyclopedia of philosophy and peer-reviewed original publication. Each entry is written and maintained by an expert in the field, including professors from many academic institutions worldwide. Authors .
Plato (429?–347 B.C.E.) is, by any reckoning, one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating, wide-ranging, .
Aristotle (384–322 B.C.E.) numbers among the greatest philosophers of all time. Judged solely in terms of his philosophical influence, only Plato is his peer: .
the stanford encyclopedia of philosophy stanford encyclopedia of philosophy 2020The SEP is the premier reference work in philosophy, covering an enormous range of topics through in-depth entries. It is maintained by a team of over two thousand .
The philosopher Socrates remains, as he was in his lifetime (469–399 B.C.E.), an enigma, an inscrutable individual who, despite having written nothing, is .
Learn how the SEP, the web's oldest and most credible open-access source of philosophical information, was founded and developed by Stanford scholars. Discover how the encyclopedia attracts and .Unlike the short and usually somewhat superficial definitions offered by dictionaries, an online encyclopedia of philosophy could dive deep into its headwords, providing more . 1. Knowledge as Justified True Belief. There are three components to the traditional (“tripartite”) analysis of knowledge. According to this analysis, justified, true belief is necessary and sufficient for knowledge. The Tripartite Analysis of Knowledge:S knows that p iff. p is true; S believes that p;First published Sat Mar 20, 2004; substantive revision Sat Feb 12, 2022. Plato (429?–347 B.C.E.) is, by any reckoning, one of the most dazzling writers in the Western literary tradition and one of the most penetrating, wide-ranging, and influential authors in .
The philosopher Socrates remains, as he was in his lifetime (469–399 B.C.E.), [ 1] an enigma, an inscrutable individual who, despite having written nothing, is considered one of the handful of philosophers who forever changed how philosophy itself was to be conceived. All our information about him is second-hand and most of it .stanford encyclopedia of philosophy 2020 Logic and Ontology. First published Mon Oct 4, 2004; substantive revision Mon Mar 13, 2023. A number of important philosophical problems are at the intersection of logic and ontology. Both logic and ontology are diverse fields within philosophy and, partly because of this, there is not one single philosophical problem about the relation between .
The term “epistemology” comes from the Greek words “episteme” and “logos”. “Episteme” can be translated as “knowledge” or “understanding” or “acquaintance”, while “logos” can be translated as “account” or “argument” or “reason”. Just as each of these different translations captures some facet of the . Information. First published Fri Oct 26, 2012; substantive revision Wed Nov 1, 2023. Philosophy of Information deals with the philosophical analysis of the notion of information both from a historical and a systematic perspective. With the emergence of the empiricist theory of knowledge in early modern philosophy, the development of various .
Immanuel Kant. Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) is the central figure in modern philosophy. He synthesized early modern rationalism and empiricism, set the terms for much of nineteenth and twentieth century philosophy, and continues to exercise a significant influence today in metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, political philosophy, . McTaggart’s Argument. In a famous paper published in 1908, J.M.E. McTaggart argued that there is in fact no such thing as time, and that the appearance of a temporal order to the world is a mere appearance. Other philosophers before and since (including, especially, F.H. Bradley) have argued for the same conclusion. 3. Naturalism. Recall that naturalism is the view that a physical life is central to life’s meaning, that even if there is no spiritual realm, a substantially meaningful life is possible. Like supernaturalism, contemporary naturalism admits of two distinguishable variants, moderate and extreme (Metz 2019).
The five issues are: (1) the ontology of concepts, (2) the structure of concepts, (3) empiricism and nativism about concepts, (4) concepts and natural language, and (5) concepts and conceptual analysis. 1. The ontology of concepts. 1.1 Concepts as mental representations. 1.2 Concepts as abilities. 1.3 Concepts as . Philosophy of History. The concept of history plays a fundamental role in human thought. It invokes notions of human agency, change, the role of material circumstances in human affairs, and the putative meaning of historical events. It raises the possibility of “learning from history.”.Title: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; Co Principal Editors: Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman; World Wide URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/ Publisher: The Metaphysics Research Lab Philosophy Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-4115 International Standard Serial Number: ISSN 1095-5054 The Buddha (fl. circa 450 BCE) is the individual whose teachings form the basis of the Buddhist tradition. These teachings, preserved in texts known as the Nikāyas or Āgamas , concern the quest for liberation from suffering. While the ultimate aim of the Buddha’s teachings is thus to help individuals attain the good life, his analysis of .
Of course, ‘evidence’ is hardly a philosopher's term of art: it is not only, or even primarily, philosophers who routinely speak of evidence, but also lawyers and judges, historians and scientists, investigative journalists and reporters, as well as the members of numerous other professions and ordinary folk in the course of everyday life. Philosophy of History. The concept of history plays a fundamental role in human thought. It invokes notions of human agency, change, the role of material circumstances in human affairs, and the putative meaning of historical events. It raises the possibility of “learning from history.”.
Title: The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy; Co Principal Editors: Edward N. Zalta and Uri Nodelman; World Wide URL: https://plato.stanford.edu/ Publisher: The Metaphysics Research Lab Philosophy Department Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305-4115 International Standard Serial Number: ISSN 1095-5054
The Buddha (fl. circa 450 BCE) is the individual whose teachings form the basis of the Buddhist tradition. These teachings, preserved in texts known as the Nikāyas or Āgamas , concern the quest for liberation from suffering. While the ultimate aim of the Buddha’s teachings is thus to help individuals attain the good life, his analysis of . Of course, ‘evidence’ is hardly a philosopher's term of art: it is not only, or even primarily, philosophers who routinely speak of evidence, but also lawyers and judges, historians and scientists, investigative journalists and reporters, as well as the members of numerous other professions and ordinary folk in the course of everyday life.
A priori philosophical, metaphysical, or theological justifications. (B) Naturalistic justifications, based on appeal to scientific practice. As we shall see, the contrast between these two sorts of approach mirrors a broader divide between the rival traditions of rationalism and empiricism in philosophy as a whole.
The name “Socrates” refers to a particular Athenian, and, unless reference is metaphysically basic, there must be some feature of the world in virtue of which it does (cf. Kripke 1980: 88, fn.38). However, this feature may or may not comprise the meaning of the specific name “Socrates”.
Implicit Bias. First published Thu Feb 26, 2015; substantive revision Wed Jul 31, 2019. Research on “implicit bias” suggests that people can act on the basis of prejudice and stereotypes without intending to do so. While psychologists in the field of “implicit social cognition” study consumer products, self-esteem, food, alcohol .First published Wed Nov 29, 2000; substantive revision Thu Sep 10, 2020. Quantum mechanics is, at least at first glance and at least in part, a mathematical machine for predicting the behaviors of microscopic particles — or, at least, of the measuring instruments we use to explore those behaviors — and in that capacity, it is spectacularly .
The History of Utilitarianism. First published Fri Mar 27, 2009; substantive revision Mon Sep 22, 2014. Utilitarianism is one of the most powerful and persuasive approaches to normative ethics in the history of philosophy. Though not fully articulated until the 19 th century, proto-utilitarian positions can be discerned throughout the history . Scientific Explanation. First published Fri May 9, 2003; substantive revision Mon May 10, 2021. Issues concerning scientific explanation have been a focus of philosophical attention from Pre-Socratic times through the modern period. However, modern discussion really begins with the development of the Deductive-Nomological ( .
Karl Marx. First published Tue Aug 26, 2003; substantive revision Mon Dec 21, 2020. Karl Marx (1818–1883) is often treated as a revolutionary, an activist rather than a philosopher, whose works inspired the foundation of many communist regimes in the twentieth century. It is certainly hard to find many thinkers who can be said to have had . Anicius Severinus Manlius Boethius was born into the Roman aristocracy c. 475–7 C.E.—about the same time as the last Roman Emperor, Romulus Augustulus, was deposed (August 476). Boethius lived most of his life under the rule of Theoderic, an Ostrogoth educated at Constantinople, who was happy to let the old families keep up .
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the stanford encyclopedia of philosophy|stanford encyclopedia of philosophy 2020